Solana 中的Tx.origin、msg.sender 和 onlyOwner

在 Solidity 中，msg.sender 表示调用智能合约函数的地址，tx.origin 表示签署交易的钱包地址。本文将探讨 Solana 中类似的调用者识别机制及 onlyOwner 模式的实现。

Solana 中的调用者识别

Solana 无直接等价于 msg.sender 的概念，但可通过 Signer 获取类似 tx.origin 的交易发起者地址。需要注意的是，Solana 交易支持多个签署者，可视为“多个交易发起者”。

以下示例展示如何获取签署者地址：

use anchor_lang::prelude::*;

declare_id!("3FFyn7ysmuz4WThFWV4cSiNy67aW8fFsCWu9wYC1Nkob");

#[program]
pub mod sender {
    use super::*;

    pub fn initialize(ctx: Context<Initialize>) -> Result<()> {
        let the_signer1: &mut Signer = &mut ctx.accounts.signer1;

        msg!("The signer1: {:?}", *the_signer1.key);

        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct Initialize<'info> {
    #[account(mut)]
    pub signer1: Signer<'info>,
}

说明：

• Signer<'info> 确保 signer1 已签署交易。
• the_signer1.key 获取签署者的公钥。

测试代码：

import * as anchor from "@coral-xyz/anchor";
import { Program } from "@coral-xyz/anchor";
import { Sender } from "../target/types/sender";

describe("sender", () => {
  anchor.setProvider(anchor.AnchorProvider.env());

  const program = anchor.workspace.Sender as Program<Sender>;

  it("Is initialized!", async () => {
    const tx = await program.methods.initialize().accounts({
      signer1: program.provider.publicKey
    }).rpc();

    console.log("The signer1: ", program.provider.publicKey.toBase58());
  });
});

多个签署者

Solana 支持多签交易，可通过添加多个 Signer 实现：

use anchor_lang::prelude::*;

declare_id!("3FFyn7ysmuz4WThFWV4cSiNy67aW8fFsCWu9wYC1Nkob");

#[program]
pub mod sender {
    use super::*;

    pub fn initialize(ctx: Context<Initialize>) -> Result<()> {
        let the_signer1: &mut Signer = &mut ctx.accounts.signer1;
        let the_signer2: &mut Signer = &mut ctx.accounts.signer2;

        msg!("The signer1: {:?}", *the_signer1.key);
        msg!("The signer2: {:?}", *the_signer2.key);

        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct Initialize<'info> {
    pub signer1: Signer<'info>,
    pub signer2: Signer<'info>,
}

测试代码：

describe("sender", () => {
  anchor.setProvider(anchor.AnchorProvider.env());

  const program = anchor.workspace.Sender as Program<Sender>;

  let myKeypair = anchor.web3.Keypair.generate();

  it("Is signed by multiple signers", async () => {
    const tx = await program.methods
      .initialize()
      .accounts({
        signer1: program.provider.publicKey,
        signer2: myKeypair.publicKey,
      })
      .signers([myKeypair])
      .rpc();

    console.log("The signer1: ", program.pr...