Etherscan显示合约的创建代码还是运行时代码？

这将是一篇关于 Etherscan 如何显示已部署和验证的智能合约字节码的一些发现的简短文章。

在以太坊区块链上部署合约之后，我们确切地知道创建代码（初始化代码）会被执行，并返回运行时字节码，然后将其存储在链上。

必须注意的是，只有智能合约的运行时字节码才会被存储在链上，以便进一步执行智能合约。

但是，这里有一个快速的问题：

当我们在以太坊上部署一个智能合约并在 Etherscan 上验证它时，附加到已验证合约上的字节码到底是什么？

这个问题的非常直观的答案是 运行时字节码，因为这是存储在链上的字节码部分。因此，很容易假设 Etherscan 仅显示运行时字节码。

好吧，情况似乎并非如此。

所以问题仍然存在 - 我们在 Etherscan 上看到的字节码到底是什么？

• 它是完整的字节码，即（创建代码 + 运行时代码）吗？
• 或者，它只是 运行时代码 吗？
• 或者，它是 运行时代码 + 构造函数参数 吗？

让我们做一个快速实验来弄清楚。

一个快速实验

我们将要部署 2 个不同的合约：

• 第一个没有任何构造函数参数，以及
• 第二个带有构造函数参数

首次部署：没有构造函数参数

我们使用以下测试合约 👇

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0

pragma solidity 0.8.17;

/**
 * @title Test
 * @dev Sets and Gets a uint variable called Pointer
 */
contract Test{

    uint256 public pointery;

    constructor() {
        pointery = 100;
    }

    function setPointer(uint256 _num) public {
        pointery = _num;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return owner address
     * @return address of owner
     */
    function getPointer() external view returns (uint256) {
        return pointery;
    }
}

没有构造函数参数的测试合约

Goerli 部署地址

实际创建代码

创建代码

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

实际运行时代码

运行时字节码

608060405234801561001057600080fd5b50600436106100415760003560e01c80632f5f3b3c14610046578063a32a3ee414610064578063acfee28314610082575b600080fd5b61004e61009e565b60405161005b91906100d0565b60405180910390f35b61006c6100a4565b60405161007991906100d0565b60405180910390f35b61009c6004803603810190610097919061011c565b6100ad565b005b60005481565b60008054905090565b8060008190555050565b6000819050919050565b6100ca816100b7565b82525050565b60006020820190506100e560008301846100c1565b92915050565b600080fd5b6100f9816100b7565b811461010457600080fd5b50565b600081359050610116816100f0565b92915050565b600060208284031215610132576101316100eb565b5b600061014084828501610107565b9150509291505056fea264697066735822122095cb79f37fbcae031f3faea184aa57e0c8cd49ed26e7a6d17a48cf3858e56d9f64736f6c6343000811003300

合约验证后 Etherscan 的字节码

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

第二次部署：带有构造函数参数

我们使用以下测试合约 👇 并传递 1000 作为参数。

/**
 *Submitted for verification at Etherscan.io on 2023-02-15
*/

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0

pragma solidity 0.8.17;

/**
 * @title Test
 * @dev Sets and Gets a uint variable called Pointer
 */
contract Test{

    uint256 public pointer;

    constructor(uint256 _num) {
        pointer = _num;
    }

    function setPointer(uint256 _num) public {
        pointer = _num;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return owner address
     * @return address of owner
     */
    function getPointer() external view returns (uint256) {
        return pointer;
    }
}

带有 1 个构造函数参数的测试合约

Goerli 部署地址

实际创建代码

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

实际运行时代码

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

合约验证后 Etherscan 的字节码

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

发现

在上述部署和实际字节码与 Etherscan 字节码的字节码比较之后，以下是我遇到的发现：

1. 虽然运行时代码是唯一存储在链上的字节码部分，但 Etherscan 不仅仅显示运行时代码。
2. 如果存在构造函数参数，Etherscan 会显示附加了构造函数参数的智能合约的整个字节码（初始化代码 + 运行时代码）。

因此，从技术上讲，Etherscan 显示：

初始化代码（在合约部署期间执行）+ 运行时代码（存储在链上的部分）+ 构造函数参数

一个额外的细节：尚未在 Etherscan 上验证的智能合约的字节码只是运行时字节码。

• 原文链接： decipherclub.com/does-et...
• 登链社区 AI 助手，为大家转译优秀英文文章，如有翻译不通的地方，还请包涵～