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获取当前验证器
我们可以质押 SOL 并通过帮助保护网络来获得奖励。要进行质押，我们将 SOL 委托给验证器，而验证器则处理交易。
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* TS
* CLI
import { clusterApiUrl, Connection } from "@solana/web3.js";
(async () => {
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
// Get all validators, categorized by current (i.e. active) and deliquent (i.e. inactive)
const { current, delinquent } = await connection.getVoteAccounts();
console.log("current validators: ", current);
console.log("all validators: ", current.concat(delinquent));
})();
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创建质押账户
所有的质押指令由[质押程序 (Stake Program)open in new window]处理。首先，我们创建一个[质押账户open in new window]， 该账户与标准[系统账户]创建和管理方式不同。特别是，我们需要设置账户的Stake Authority和Withdrawal Authority。
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* TS
Press \</> button to view full source
// Setup a transaction to create our stake account
// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s
const createStakeAccountTx = StakeProgram.createAccount({
authorized: new Authorized(wallet.publicKey, wallet.publicKey), // Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.
fromPubkey: wallet.publicKey,
lamports: amountToStake,
lockup: new Lockup(0, 0, wallet.publicKey), // Optional. We'll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.
stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
});
const createStakeAccountTxId = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
connection,
createStakeAccountTx,
[
wallet,
stakeAccount, // Since we're creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well
]
);
console.log(`Stake account created. Tx Id: ${createStakeAccountTxId}`);
// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.
let stakeBalance = await connection.getBalance(stakeAccount.publicKey);
console.log(`Stake account balance: ${stakeBalance / LAMPORTS_PER_SOL} SOL`);
// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.
let stakeStatus = await connection.getStakeActivation(stakeAccount.publicKey);
console.log(`Stake account status: ${stakeStatus.state}`);
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委托质押
一旦质押账户得到资金支持，Stake Authority可以将其委托给一个验证者。每个质押账户一次只能委托给一个验证者。此外，账户中的所有代币必须要么被委托，要么取消委托。一旦委托成功，质押账户需要经过几个时期才能变为活跃状态。
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* TS
Press \</> button to view full source
// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.
const delegateTx = StakeProgram.delegate({
stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
authorizedPubkey: wallet.publicKey,
votePubkey: selectedValidatorPubkey,
});
const delegateTxId = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, delegateTx, [
wallet,
]);
console.log(
`Stake account delegated to ${selectedValidatorPubkey}. Tx Id: ${delegateTxId}`
);
// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.
stakeStatus = await connection.getStakeActivation(stakeAccount.publicKey);
console.log(`Stake account status: ${stakeStatus.state}`);
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通过验证器获取委托人
多个账户可能已经质押给了特定的验证账户。为了获取所有的质押人，我们可以使用 getProgramAccounts 或 getParsedProgramAccounts API。请参考[指南部分]获取更多信息。质押账户长度为200字节，选民公钥从第124字节开始。
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* TS
Press \</> button to view full source
const STAKE_PROGRAM_ID = new PublicKey(
"Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111"
);
const VOTE_PUB_KEY = "27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x";
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta"), "confirmed");
const accounts = await connection.getParsedProgramAccounts(STAKE_PROGRAM_ID, {
filters: [
{
dataSize: 200, // number of bytes
},
{
memcmp: {
offset: 124, // number of bytes
bytes: VOTE_PUB_KEY, // base58 encoded string
},
},
],
});
console.log(`Accounts for program ${STAKE_PROGRAM_ID}: `);
console.log(
`Total number of delegators found for ${VOTE_PUB_KEY} is: ${accounts.length}`
);
if (accounts.length)
console.log(`Sample delegator:`, JSON.stringify(accounts[0]));
/*
// Output
Accounts for program Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111:
Total number of delegators found for 27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x is: 184
Sample delegator:
{
"account": {
"data": {
"parsed": {
"info": {
"meta": {
"authorized": {
"staker": "3VDVh3rHTLkNJp6FVYbuFcaihYBFCQX5VSBZk23ckDGV",
"withdrawer": "EhYXq3ANp5nAerUpbSgd7VK2RRcxK1zNuSQ755G5Mtxx"
},
"lockup": {
"custodian": "3XdBZcURF5nKg3oTZAcfQZg8XEc5eKsx6vK8r3BdGGxg",
"epoch": 0,
"unixTimestamp": 1822867200
},
"rentExemptReserve": "2282880"
},
"stake": {
"creditsObserved": 58685367,
"delegation": {
"activationEpoch": "208",
"deactivationEpoch": "18446744073709551615",
"stake": "433005300621",
"voter": "27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x",
"warmupCooldownRate": 0.25
}
}
},
"type": "delegated"
},
"program": "stake",
"space": 200
},
"executable": false,
"lamports": 433012149261,
"owner": {
"_bn": "06a1d8179137542a983437bdfe2a7ab2557f535c8a78722b68a49dc000000000"
},
"rentEpoch": 264
},
"pubkey": {
"_bn": "0dc8b506f95e52c9ac725e714c7078799dd3268df562161411fe0916a4dc0a43"
}
}
*/
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停用质押
在质押账户委托后的任何时候，Stake Authority可以选择停用该账户。停用过程可能需要多个时期才能完成，并且在提取任何 SOL 之前必须完成停用操作。
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* TS
Press \</> button to view full source
// At anytime we can choose to deactivate our stake. Our stake account must be inactive before we can withdraw funds.
const deactivateTx = StakeProgram.deactivate({
stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
authorizedPubkey: wallet.publicKey,
});
const deactivateTxId = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
connection,
deactivateTx,
[wallet]
);
console.log(`Stake account deactivated. Tx Id: ${deactivateTxId}`);
// Check in on our stake account. It should now be inactive.
stakeStatus = await connection.getStakeActivation(stakeAccount.publicKey);
console.log(`Stake account status: ${stakeStatus.state}`);
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提取质押
一旦停用了，Withdrawal Authority可以将 SOL 提取回系统账户。一旦质押账户不再委托并且余额为 0 SOL，它将被销毁了。
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* TS
Press \</> button to view full source
// Once deactivated, we can withdraw our SOL back to our main wallet
const withdrawTx = StakeProgram.withdraw({
stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
authorizedPubkey: wallet.publicKey,
toPubkey: wallet.publicKey,
lamports: stakeBalance, // Withdraw the full balance at the time of the transaction
});
const withdrawTxId = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, withdrawTx, [
wallet,
]);
console.log(`Stake account withdrawn. Tx Id: ${withdrawTxId}`);
// Confirm that our stake account balance is now 0
stakeBalance = await connection.getBalance(stakeAccount.publicKey);
console.log(`Stake account balance: ${stakeBalance / LAMPORTS_PER_SOL} SOL`);
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获取质押金额
一旦我们使用多个质押账户质押多个代币，我们可以获取与我们的特定钱包相关的质押金额。为此，我们将使用getProgramAccounts或getParsedProgramAccounts API获取所有的质押账户。有关更多信息，请参考[指南部分]。
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* TS
Press \</> button to view full source
let totalStakeBalance = 0;
// fetch all stake account for this wallet
const allStakeAccounts = await connection.getParsedProgramAccounts(
StakeProgram.programId,
{
filters: [
{
memcmp: {
offset: 12, // number of bytes
bytes: wallet.publicKey.toBase58(), // base58 encoded string
},
},
],
}
);
console.log(`Stake accounts for wallet ${wallet.publicKey}: `);
console.log(
`Total number of stake account for ${wallet.publicKey} is: ${allStakeAccounts.length}`
);
if (allStakeAccounts.length)
console.log(`Sample stake account:`, JSON.stringify(allStakeAccounts[0]));
// calculating total stake amount
for (const account of allStakeAccounts) {
totalStakeBalance += account.account.lamports;
}
// total stake amount
console.log(`Stake amount for this wallet in lamports: ${totalStakeBalance}`);
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附录:
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作者：GTokenTool
来源：https://www.gtokentool.com
