加密朋克宣言 - 中英双语

原文：https://www.activism.net/cypherpunk/manifesto.html

A Cypherpunk's Manifesto 加密朋克宣言

作者 Eric Hughes ， 日期 1993/3/9

Privacy is necessary for an open society in the electronic age. Privacy is not secrecy. A private matter is something one doesn't want the whole world to know, but a secret matter is something one doesn't want anybody to know. Privacy is the power to selectively reveal oneself to the world.

隐私对于电子时代的开放社会是必要的。隐私不是秘密。私人事务是指一个人不希望全世界知道的事情，而秘密事务是指一个人不希望任何人知道的事情。隐私是选择性地向世界揭示自己的能力。

If two parties have some sort of dealings, then each has a memory of their interaction. Each party can speak about their own memory of this; how could anyone prevent it? One could pass laws against it, but the freedom of speech, even more than privacy, is fundamental to an open society; we seek not to restrict any speech at all. If many parties speak together in the same forum, each can speak to all the others and aggregate together knowledge about individuals and other parties. The power of electronic communications has enabled such group speech, and it will not go away merely because we might want it to.

如果两个当事方有某种交易，那么每一方都有对其互动的记忆。每一方都可以谈论自己对这一记忆的看法；又有谁能阻止呢？可以通过立法来禁止，但言论自由，甚至比隐私更为根本，是开放社会的基石；我们寻求不限制任何言论。如果许多当事方在同一个论坛中一起发言，每个人都可以与其他人交流，并聚合关于个人和其他当事方的知识。电子通信的力量使这种群体发言成为可能，而这不会因为我们希望它消失而消失。

Since we desire privacy, we must ensure that each party to a transaction have knowledge only of that which is directly necessary for that transaction. Since any information can be spoken of, we must ensure that we reveal as little as possible. In most cases personal identity is not salient. When I purchase a magazine at a store and hand cash to the clerk, there is no need to know who I am. When I ask my electronic mail provider to send and receive messages, my provider need not know to whom I am speaking or what I am saying or what others are saying to me; my provider only need know how to get the message there and how much I owe them in fees. When my identity is revealed by the underlying mechanism of the transaction, I have no privacy. I cannot here selectively reveal myself; I must always reveal myself.

由于我们渴望隐私，我们必须确保每个交易方仅了解与该交易直接相关的必要信息。由于任何信息都可以被谈论，我们必须确保尽可能少地揭示。在大多数情况下，个人身份并不显著。当我在商店购买杂志并将现金递给店员时，没有必要知道我是谁。当我要求我的电子邮件提供商发送和接收消息时，我的提供商无需知道我在与谁交谈，或我在说什么，或其他人对我说了什么；我的提供商只需知道如何将消息发送到那里，以及我欠他们多少费用。当我的身份通过交易的基本机制被揭示时，我就没有隐私。我无法在这里选择性地揭示自己；我必须总是揭示自己。

Therefore, privacy in an open society requires anonymous transaction systems. Until now, cash has been the primary such system. An anonymous transaction system is not a secret transaction system. An anonymous system empowers individuals to reveal their identity when desired and only when desired; this is the essence of privacy.

因此，开放社会中的隐私需要匿名交易系统。到目前为止，现金一直是主要的此类系统。匿名交易系统不是秘密交易系统。匿名系统使个人能够在需要时揭示自己的身份，仅在需要时；这就是隐私的本质。

Privacy in an open society also requires cryptography. If I say something, I want it heard only by those for whom I intend it. If the content of my speech is available to the world, I have no privacy. To encrypt is to indicate the desire for privacy, and to encrypt with weak cryptography is to indicate not too much desire for privacy. Furthermore, to reveal one's identity with assurance when the default is anonymity requires the cryptographic signature.

开放社会中的隐私还需要密码学。如果我说了什么，我希望只有那些我打算传达的人能听到。如果我的言论内容对全世界可见，我就没有隐私。加密是表示对隐私的渴望，而用弱密码学加密则表示对隐私的渴望不强。此外，当默认情况下是匿名时，确保以保证的方式揭示自己的身份需要密码签名。

We cannot expect governments, corporations, or other large, faceless organizations to grant us privacy out of their beneficence. It is to their advantage to speak of us, and we should expect that they will speak. To try to prevent their speech is to fight against the realities of information. Information does not just want to be free, it longs to be free. Information expands to fill the available storage space. Information is Rumor's younger, stronger cousin; Information is fleeter of foot, has more eyes, knows more, and understands less than Rumor.

我们不能指望政府、公司或其他大型、无面孔的组织出于善意给予我们隐私。对他们来说，谈论我们是有利的，我们应该预期他们会这样做。试图阻止他们的言论就是与信息的现实作斗争。信息不仅想要自由，它渴望自由。信息会扩展以填充可用的存储空间。信息是谣言的年轻、强壮的表亲；信息更灵活，拥有更多的视角，知道得更多，却理解得更少。

We must defend our own privacy if we expect to have any. We must come together and create systems which allow anonymous transactions to take place. People have been defending their own privacy for centuries with whispers, darkness, envelopes, closed doors, secret handshakes, and couriers. The technologies of the past did not allow for strong privacy, but electronic technologies do.

如果我们希望拥有隐私，就必须捍卫自己的隐私。我们必须团结起来，创建允许匿名交易发生的系统。人们几百年来一直通过低语、黑暗、信封、关门、秘密握手和信使来捍卫自己的隐私。过去的技术并不允许强隐私，但电子技术可以。

We the Cypherpunks are dedicated to building anonymous systems. We are defending our privacy with cryptography, with anonymous mail forwarding systems, with digital signatures, and with electronic money.

我们这些密码朋克致力于构建匿名系统。我们正在通过密码学、匿名邮件转发系统、数字签名和电子货币来捍卫我们的隐私。

Cypherpunks write code. We know that someone has to write software to defend privacy, and since we can't get privacy unless we all do, we're going to write it. We publish our code so that our fellow Cypherpunks may practice and play with it. Our code is free for all to use, worldwide. We don't much care if you don't approve of the software we write. We know that software can't be destroyed and that a widely dispersed system can't be shut down.

密码朋克编写代码。我们知道必须有人编写软件来捍卫隐私，而既然我们无法获得隐私，除非我们都这样做，我们就会去编写它。我们发布我们的代码，以便我们的同伴密码朋克可以练习和玩耍。我们的代码是全球所有人都可以使用的。我们并不在乎你是否不赞成我们编写的软件。我们知道软件无法被摧毁，广泛分散的系统无法被关闭。

Cypherpunks deplore regulations on cryptography, for encryption is fundamentally a private act. The act of encryption, in fact, removes information from the public realm. Even laws against cryptography reach only so far as a nation's border and the arm of its violence. Cryptography will ineluctably spread over the whole globe, and with it the anonymous transactions systems that it makes possible.

密码朋克谴责对密码学的监管，因为加密本质上是一种私人行为。实际上，加密行为将信息从公共领域中移除。即使是针对密码学的法律也仅限于一个国家的边界和其暴力的手段。密码学必然会在全球范围内传播，随之而来的是它所能实现的匿名交易系统。

For privacy to be widespread it must be part of a social contract. People must come and together deploy these systems for the common good. Privacy only extends so far as the cooperation of one's fellows in society. We the Cypherpunks seek your questions and your concerns and hope we may engage you so that we do not deceive ourselves. We will not, however, be moved out of our course because some may disagree with our goals.

为了使隐私广泛存在，它必须成为社会契约的一部分。人们必须共同部署这些系统以实现共同利益。隐私的延续仅限于社会中同伴的合作。我们这些密码朋克寻求你的问题和关注，希望能够与你互动，以免自欺欺人。然而，我们不会因为某些人不同意我们的目标而改变我们的方向。

The Cypherpunks are actively engaged in making the networks safer for privacy. Let us proceed together apace.

密码朋克积极参与使网络更安全以保护隐私。让我们一起加快步伐。

Onward. 前进。

Eric Hughes <hughes@soda.berkeley.edu>

9 March 1993