Rust编程入门:Struct让代码更优雅想写出简洁又高效的代码?Rust的Struct带你轻松入门!在Rust编程世界中,Struct(结构体)是组织数据、提升代码质量的利器。无论是定义用户资料、计算几何面积,还是构建复杂逻辑,Struct都能让你的代码更优雅、更清晰。本文将从
想写出简洁又高效的代码?Rust 的 Struct 带你轻松入门! 在 Rust 编程世界中,Struct(结构体)是组织数据、提升代码质量的利器。无论是定义用户资料、计算几何面积,还是构建复杂逻辑,Struct 都能让你的代码更优雅、更清晰。本文将从零开始,带你掌握 Struct 的定义、实例化、方法实现及优化技巧,通过直观的示例和实用代码,助你快速上手 Rust 编程。无论你是编程新手还是进阶开发者,这篇入门指南都将为你打开 Rust 的新大门!快来一起探索吧!
本文是 Rust 编程初学者的 Struct 入门指南,深入浅出地讲解了 Struct 的核心概念与实用技巧。内容涵盖 Struct 的定义与实例化、字段访问与更新、Tuple Struct 和 Unit-Like Struct 的特性,以及方法和关联函数的实现。通过计算长方形面积的案例,展示了如何用 Struct 优化代码,提升可读性和性能。文章还介绍了调试技巧(如 #[derive(Debug)])和所有权机制,配以清晰的代码示例,帮助读者快速掌握 Struct 的优雅用法。无论你是 Rust 新手还是想提升代码质量的开发者,本文都为你提供了实用的学习路径。
struct
关键字,并为整个struct命名例如:
struct User {
username: String,
email: String,
sign_in_count: u64,
active: bool,
}
例子:
let user1 = User {
email: String::from("someone@example.com"),
username: String::from("someusername123"),
active: true,
sign_in_count: 1,
};
代码:
struct User {
username: String,
email: String,
sign_in_count: u64,
active: bool,
}
fn main() {
println!("Hello, world!");
let user1 = User {
email: String::from("user1@example.com"),
username: String::from("user1"),
active: true,
sign_in_count: 556,
};
}
let mut user1 = User {
email: String::from("someone@example.com"),
username: String::from("someusername123"),
active: true,
sign_in_count: 1,
};
user1.email = String::from("anotheremail@example.com");
例子:
fn build_user(email: String, username: String) -> User {
User {
email: email,
username: username,
active: true,
sign_in_count: 1,
}
}
fn build_user(email: String, username: String) -> User {
User {
email,
username,
active: true,
sign_in_count: 1,
}
}
let user2 = User {
email: String::from("another@example.com"),
username: String::from("anotherusername567"),
active: user1.active,
sign_in_count: user1.sign_in_count,
};
let user2 = User {
email: String::from("another@example.com"),
username: String::from("anotherusername567"),
..user1
};
struct Color(i32, i32, i32);
struct Point(i32, i32, i32);
let black = Color(0, 0, 0);
let origin = Point(0, 0, 0);
struct User {
username: String,
email: String,
sign_in_count: u64,
active: bool,
}
// 没有使用生命周期
struct User {
username: &str,
email: &str,
sign_in_count: u64,
active: bool,
}
fn main() {
println!("Hello, world!");
let user1 = User {
email: "fdsa",
username: "fds",
active: true,
sign_in _count: 556,
};
}
例子需求
fn main() {
let w = 30;
let l = 50;
println!("{}", area(w, l));
}
fn area(width: u32, length: u32) -> u32 {
width * length
}
优化一:
fn main() {
let rect = (30, 50);
println!("{}", area(rect));
}
fn area(dim: (u32, u32)) -> u32 {
dim.0 * dim.1
}
优化二:
struct Rectangle {
width: u32,
length: u32,
}
fn main() {
let rect = Rectangle {
width: 30,
length: 50,
};
println!("{}", area(&rect));
}
fn area(rect: &Rectangle) -> u32 {
rect.width * rect.length
}
std::fmt::Display
std::fmt::Debug
#[derive(debug)]
{:?}
{:#?}
#[derive(Debug)]
struct Rectangle {
width: u32,
length: u32,
}
fn main() {
let rect = Rectangle {
width: 30,
length: 50,
};
println!("{}", area(&rect));
println!("{:?}", rect);
println!("{:#?}", rect);
}
fn area(rect: &Rectangle) -> u32 {
rect.width * rect.length
}
#[derive(Debug)]
struct Rectangle {
width: u32,
length: u32,
}
impl Rectangle {
fn area(&self) -> u32 {
self.width * self.length
}
}
fn main() {
let rect = Rectangle {
width: 30,
length: 50,
};
println!("{}", rect.area());
println!("{:?}", rect);
println!("{:#?}", rect);
}
ogject->something()
和 (*object).something()
一样p1.distance(&p2);
(&p1).distance(&p2);
#[derive(Debug)]
struct Rectangle {
width: u32,
length: u32,
}
impl Rectangle {
fn area(&self) -> u32 {
self.width * self.length
}
fn can_hold(&self, other: &Rectangle) -> bool {
self.width > other.width && self.length > other.length
}
}
fn main() {
let rect = Rectangle {
width: 30,
length: 50,
};
let rect1 = Rectangle {
width: 30,
length: 50,
};
let rect2 = Rectangle {
width: 10,
length: 40,
};
let rect3 = Rectangle {
width: 35,
length: 55,
};
println!("{}", rect1.can_hold(&rect2));
println!("{}", rect1.can_hold(&rect3));
println!("{}", rect.area());
println!("{:?}", rect);
println!("{:#?}", rect);
}
// fn area(rect: &Rectangle) -> u32 {
// rect.width * rect.length
// }
String::from()
#[derive(Debug)]
struct Rectangle {
width: u32,
length: u32,
}
impl Rectangle {
fn area(&self) -> u32 {
self.width * self.length
}
fn can_hold(&self, other: &Rectangle) -> bool {
self.width > other.width && self.length > other.length
}
fn square(size: u32) -> Rectangle {
Rectangle { width: size, length: size }
}
}
fn main() {
let s = Rectangle::square(20);
let rect = Rectangle {
width: 30,
length: 50,
};
let rect1 = Rectangle {
width: 30,
length: 50,
};
let rect2 = Rectangle {
width: 10,
length: 40,
};
let rect3 = Rectangle {
width: 35,
length: 55,
};
println!("{}", rect1.can_hold(&rect2));
println!("{}", rect1.can_hold(&rect3));
println!("{}", rect.area());
println!("{:?}", rect);
println!("{:#?}", rect);
println!("{:?}", s)
}
Rust 的 Struct 是编程中的优雅利器,让你轻松组织数据、优化代码结构。通过本文,你学会了如何定义和实例化 Struct,使用方法和关联函数实现功能扩展,以及通过更新语法和调试技巧提升开发效率。从简单的长方形面积计算到复杂的数据管理,Struct 让 Rust 代码更清晰、更高效。无论你是刚入门 Rust 的新手,还是追求极致代码质量的开发者,掌握 Struct 都将为你的编程之旅增添无限可能!快动手实践,留言分享你的 Struct 代码吧!关注我们,解锁更多 Rust 编程干货!
如果觉得我的文章对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!